UNIT+4-+EMBRYOLOGY

== Unit Four: Embryology //Laura Poleshuk, Olivia Willard, and Alex Kingsley //

Picture Courtesy of http://s2.hubimg.com/u/331929_f260.jpg == Unit Summary  Human Reproduction  Anatomy of Male and Female Reproductive Organs  Stages of the Embryo  Early Stages of Embryonic Development, Support Structures for the Fetus, and Stages of Fetal Development  Meiosis  Stages of, Genetic Recombination, Comparison With Mitosis, Mutation/Non-disjunction, and karyotypes  Glossary of Terms (A-Z)  Section 1:Human Reproduction Acrosome: breaks through powerful barriers of the ova with powerful enzymes Epididymis: where sperm is stored after being produced Flagella: propels sperm cell and gives it movement; allows it to swim Gametes: a reproductive cell Menopause: period in a woman's mid life in which ovulation ends Mitochondria: provides energy for the sperm Nucleus: contains paternal DNA in gametes Oogenesis: process in which ova are made in the ovaries Ova: the female sex cell Ovaries: location in which ovum are produced Ovulation: occurs once a month in women; when one egg is release from the ovaries Polar Bodies: in the egg cell; releases hormones thatregulate menstrual cycle and early pregnancy Prostate Gland: produce seminal fluid that nourishes the sperm Sperm: the male gamete Spermatogensis: process in which sperm is produced Testes: location where sperm is made Section 2: Stages of the Embryo  Amniotic Fluid   Blastocyst: a hollow ball of cells   Cell Differentiation: when cells begin to become specialized   Cleavage: when cells within the zygote begin to divide continuously   Contractions: ([]) A movement of the uterus; the baby pushes downward, as if moving into the birth canal. Diploid: A cell with 46 chromosomes. Dilation: The opening of the cervix so that the child may pass through it. Ectoderm: the germ layer that form the skin and nervous system  Egg cell: The largest cell in the female body... Girls produce these throughout their lives, and for the cell to develop into a baby, a sperm from the male must fertilize the egg. If the egg is not fertilized, it will die and be released upon menstruation. Endoderm: The germ layer that forms the lungs, liver, and gut  Fertilization: The process in which the sperm and egg become one   Fetus: the matured embryo   Gamete: a sex cell; sperm or egg   Gastrula: a hollow ball of cells with three distinct germ layers   Haploid: a cell with 23 chromosomes   Implantation: when the zygote burrows into the endometrium   Mesoderm: the germ layer that forms the skeleton, muscles and blood   Placenta: the structure that provides nutrients to the fetus from the mother   Sperm cell: a sex cell from the male that fertilizes the egg   Umbilical Cord: the structure that delivers the nutrients from the placenta to the embryo   Zygote: the cell that consists of the sperm and egg nuclei combined  Section 3: Meiosis